Tuesday, April 27, 2010
Disease during the Industrial Revolution
Disease was a threat during the Industrial Revolution. Due to the changes in the way people lived as well as the conditons of worked they used to perform, disease was able to spread more rapidly. Take for example, the living condition ...... explains in her report, many of these conditions led the spread of disease very quickly. Housing for low class worker was cramped in and was built with no regard for hygiene, the result led to large slums, small houses, narrow road. Bacteria grew very quickly because of the weather condition. Two main disease during that time were cholera and typhoid. These two diseases were caused by filthy water because, factories would dump waste into rivers and streams that people used to provide their homes with water. Going back to cholera and typhoid, these two are easily taking care of today. With basic cleanliness, underground sewages pipes and regular cleaned controlled water supply doing most of the work to preventthe water being inffected.
www.schoolhitory.org
Danie M
www.schoolhitory.org
Danie M
More about children
Never ask yourself how children use to dress like and they used to have fun. Imagine your child in dress that makes her looks like a little adult. Weel, according to Tim Lambert, during the victorian time the very first clothes that were made for kids were similar to sailor suits ahah. Children used to play with porcelaindolls, that sound expensive. They also used to play with doll house. Boys used to play with marbles. I remember back in my country how kids played with mables, even i used to that, i used to play for pennis too.
www.history .org
Danie M
www.history .org
Danie M
18th Century Agriculture
During the 18th century agriculture was gradually transformed by an agricultural revolution. Until 1701 seed was sown by hand. In that year Jethro Tull invented a seed drill, which sowed seed in straight lines. He also invented a horse drawn hoe which hoed the land and destroyed weed between rows of crops.
Furthermore until the 18th century most livestock was slaughtered at the beginning of winter because farmers could not grow enough food to feed their animals through the winter months.
Until the 18th century most land was divided into 3 fields. Each year 2 fields were sown with crops while the third was left fallow (unused). The Dutch began to grow swedes or turnips on land instead of leaving it fallow. (The turnips restored the soil's fertility). When they were harvested the turnips could be stored to provide food for livestock over the winter. The new methods were popularised in England by a man named Robert 'Turnip' Townsend (1674-1741).
Under the 3 field system, which still covered much of England, all the land around a village or small town, was divided into 3 huge fields. Each farmer owned some strips of land in each field. During the 18th century land was enclosed. That means it was divided up so each farmer had all his land in one place instead of scattered across 3 fields. Enclosure allowed farmers to use their land more efficiently.
Also in the 18th century farmers like Robert Bakewell began scientific stockbreeding (selective breeding). Farm animals grew much larger and they gave more meat, wool and milk.
However despite the improvements in farming food for ordinary people remained plain and monotonous. For them meat was a luxury. They lived mainly on bread, butter, potatoes and tea.
http://www.localhistories.org/18thcent.html
zehra Ali
Furthermore until the 18th century most livestock was slaughtered at the beginning of winter because farmers could not grow enough food to feed their animals through the winter months.
Until the 18th century most land was divided into 3 fields. Each year 2 fields were sown with crops while the third was left fallow (unused). The Dutch began to grow swedes or turnips on land instead of leaving it fallow. (The turnips restored the soil's fertility). When they were harvested the turnips could be stored to provide food for livestock over the winter. The new methods were popularised in England by a man named Robert 'Turnip' Townsend (1674-1741).
Under the 3 field system, which still covered much of England, all the land around a village or small town, was divided into 3 huge fields. Each farmer owned some strips of land in each field. During the 18th century land was enclosed. That means it was divided up so each farmer had all his land in one place instead of scattered across 3 fields. Enclosure allowed farmers to use their land more efficiently.
Also in the 18th century farmers like Robert Bakewell began scientific stockbreeding (selective breeding). Farm animals grew much larger and they gave more meat, wool and milk.
However despite the improvements in farming food for ordinary people remained plain and monotonous. For them meat was a luxury. They lived mainly on bread, butter, potatoes and tea.
http://www.localhistories.org/18thcent.html
zehra Ali
RICH 17th CENTURY PEOPLE'S HOMES
In the late 17th century furniture for the wealthy became more comfortable and much more finely decorated. In the early 17th century furniture was plain and heavy. It was usually made of oak. In the late 17th century furniture for the rich was often made of walnut or (from the 1680s) mahogany. It was decorated in new ways. One was veneering. (Thin pieces of expensive wood were laid over cheaper wood). Some furniture was also inlaid. Wood was carved out and the hollow was filled in with mother of pearl. At this time lacquering arrived in England. Pieces of furniture were coated with lacquer in bright colours.
Furthermore new types of furniture were introduced. In the mid 17th century chests of drawers became common. Grandfather clocks also became popular. Later in the century the bookcase was introduced.
Chairs also became far more comfortable. Upholstered (padded and covered) chairs became common in wealthy people's homes. In the 1680s the first real armchairs appeared.
In the early 17th century the architect Inigo Jones introduced the classical style of architecture (based on ancient Greek and Roman styles). He designed the Banqueting Hall in Whitehall, which was the first purely classical building in England.
The late 17th century was a great age of building grand country homes, displaying the wealth of the upper class at that time.
POOR PEOPLE'S HOMES
However all the improvements in furniture did not apply to the poor. Their furniture, such as it was remained very plain and basic. However there were some improvements in poor people's houses in the 17th century.
In the Middle Ages ordinary people's homes were usually made of wood. However in the late 16th and early 17th centuries many were built or rebuilt in stone or brick. By the late 17th century even poor people usually lived in houses made of brick or stone. They were a big improvement over wooden houses. They were warmer and drier.
Furthermore in the 16th century chimneys were a luxury. Most people made do with a hole in the roof to let out smoke. However during the 17th century chimneys became more common and by the late 17th century even the poor had them. Furthermore in 1600 glass windows were a luxury. Poor people made do with linen soaked in linseed oil. However during the 17th century glass became cheaper and by the late 17th century even the poor had glass windows.
In the early 17th century there were only casement windows (ones that open on hinges). In the later 17th century sash windows were introduced. They were in two sections and they slid up and down vertically to open and shut.
Although poor people's homes improved in some ways they remained very small and crowded. Most of the poor lived in huts of 2 or 3 rooms. Some families lived in just one room.
http://www.localhistories.org/stuart.html
Zehra Ali
Furthermore new types of furniture were introduced. In the mid 17th century chests of drawers became common. Grandfather clocks also became popular. Later in the century the bookcase was introduced.
Chairs also became far more comfortable. Upholstered (padded and covered) chairs became common in wealthy people's homes. In the 1680s the first real armchairs appeared.
In the early 17th century the architect Inigo Jones introduced the classical style of architecture (based on ancient Greek and Roman styles). He designed the Banqueting Hall in Whitehall, which was the first purely classical building in England.
The late 17th century was a great age of building grand country homes, displaying the wealth of the upper class at that time.
POOR PEOPLE'S HOMES
However all the improvements in furniture did not apply to the poor. Their furniture, such as it was remained very plain and basic. However there were some improvements in poor people's houses in the 17th century.
In the Middle Ages ordinary people's homes were usually made of wood. However in the late 16th and early 17th centuries many were built or rebuilt in stone or brick. By the late 17th century even poor people usually lived in houses made of brick or stone. They were a big improvement over wooden houses. They were warmer and drier.
Furthermore in the 16th century chimneys were a luxury. Most people made do with a hole in the roof to let out smoke. However during the 17th century chimneys became more common and by the late 17th century even the poor had them. Furthermore in 1600 glass windows were a luxury. Poor people made do with linen soaked in linseed oil. However during the 17th century glass became cheaper and by the late 17th century even the poor had glass windows.
In the early 17th century there were only casement windows (ones that open on hinges). In the later 17th century sash windows were introduced. They were in two sections and they slid up and down vertically to open and shut.
Although poor people's homes improved in some ways they remained very small and crowded. Most of the poor lived in huts of 2 or 3 rooms. Some families lived in just one room.
http://www.localhistories.org/stuart.html
Zehra Ali
Monday, April 26, 2010
Frankenstein
It is obvious that some of the social condition during the 19th has been played in Frankenstein, such as men had more opportunity to go to school. They had more power than women, they took more risk. Men were more into discorering and creating new things.
Danie M
Danie M
BRITAIN DURING THE 19TH CENTURY
Britain became the first urban society and also it became the world's first industial society. The population of Britain increased from 9 million to 41 million. Many people emigrated from America and Australia in order to escape from poverty. Britain was also olighashy where a very small number of men and no women were allowed to vote however, during 1832 things change a little bit and men were given more vote.
www.fordhan.edu
Danie M
www.fordhan.edu
Danie M
Sunday, April 18, 2010
Social conditions in the 19th-century port
Poverty and slum housing Many of the jobs created in the port during the 19th century were badly paid. Others were seasonal or casual, which meant that people were only paid when work was available. As a result, the dockers and their families lived in poverty.
The casual nature of much of their work meant that the dockers did not receive a regular income. There was no income at all during periods of unemployment unless they could find alternative work. Sometimes the poor were forced to turn to crime, others begged to make ends meet, while many more ended up in the workhouse.
The casual nature of much of their work meant that the dockers did not receive a regular income. There was no income at all during periods of unemployment unless they could find alternative work. Sometimes the poor were forced to turn to crime, others begged to make ends meet, while many more ended up in the workhouse.
Cheap housing
Families relying on an income from casual work could only afford basic accommodation. Builders knew that they would never be able to charge the poor high rents. They built their houses quickly and cheaply, often without facilities such as bathrooms and toilets.
Sometimes houses were divided in half to accommodate two families. This often meant that one family had to make do without a easily accessible supply of drinking water.
The 1890 Housing Act made it the responsibility of local councils to provide decent accommodation for local people. Things gradually improved, but conditions remained bad well into the 20th century.
Sometimes houses were divided in half to accommodate two families. This often meant that one family had to make do without a easily accessible supply of drinking water.
The 1890 Housing Act made it the responsibility of local councils to provide decent accommodation for local people. Things gradually improved, but conditions remained bad well into the 20th century.
Zehra Ali
Tuesday, April 13, 2010
17TH CENTURY SOCIETY
During the 17th century the status of merchants improved. People saw that trade was an increasingly important part of the country's wealth so merchants became more respected. However political power and influence was held by rich landowners.
At the top of society were the nobility. Below them were the gentry. Gentlemen were not quite rich but they were certainly well off. Below them were yeomen, farmers who owned their own land. Yeomen were comfortably off but they often worked alongside their men. Gentlemen did not do manual work! Below them came the mass of the population, craftsmen, tenant farmers and labourers.
At the end of the 17th century a writer estimated that half the population could afford to eat meat every day. In other words about 50% of the people were wealthy of at least reasonably well off. Below them about 30% of the population could afford to eat meat between 2 and 6 times a week. They were 'poor'. The bottom 20% could only eat meat once a week. They were very poor. At least part of the time they had to rely on poor relief.
By an act of 1601 overseers of the poor were appointed by each parish. They had power to force people to pay a local tax to help the poor. Those who could not work such as the old and the disabled would be provided for. The overseers were meant to provide work for the able-bodied poor. Anyone who refused to work was whipped and, after 1610, they could be placed in a house of correction. Pauper's children were sent to local employers to be apprentices.
At the top of society were the nobility. Below them were the gentry. Gentlemen were not quite rich but they were certainly well off. Below them were yeomen, farmers who owned their own land. Yeomen were comfortably off but they often worked alongside their men. Gentlemen did not do manual work! Below them came the mass of the population, craftsmen, tenant farmers and labourers.
At the end of the 17th century a writer estimated that half the population could afford to eat meat every day. In other words about 50% of the people were wealthy of at least reasonably well off. Below them about 30% of the population could afford to eat meat between 2 and 6 times a week. They were 'poor'. The bottom 20% could only eat meat once a week. They were very poor. At least part of the time they had to rely on poor relief.
By an act of 1601 overseers of the poor were appointed by each parish. They had power to force people to pay a local tax to help the poor. Those who could not work such as the old and the disabled would be provided for. The overseers were meant to provide work for the able-bodied poor. Anyone who refused to work was whipped and, after 1610, they could be placed in a house of correction. Pauper's children were sent to local employers to be apprentices.
Zehra
http://www.localhistories.org/stuart.html
Sunday, April 11, 2010
Children of the 19th century
A child living condition in London during the 19th century was not easy, the children death range was high, most of them died from infecttion and diseases that we could almost not died of today.
During this period of the 19th century, when a parent had died, children were expected to wear black garments for up to three years depending on who died.
London had many orphanages but places were usually given to orphans who had come from wealthy or respectable families. Many poor children whose parents had died were forced to live on the streets or in workhouses where conditions were extremely hard.
They were forced to work from a very young age. Many earned a few pennies by becoming chimney-sweeps or working on the streets running errands, calling cabs, sweeping roads. Other children worked alongside their parents at home or in small, dark and dirty workshops sewing clothes, sacks or shoes.We are still seing these condition today, let's take Haiti for example, very poor family children are living under the same exact condition. Some children at a certain age are sent to work at other wealthier people house in order to provide for themselves and their family.
www.wikipedia.com
www.sahistory.org
Danie M
During this period of the 19th century, when a parent had died, children were expected to wear black garments for up to three years depending on who died.
London had many orphanages but places were usually given to orphans who had come from wealthy or respectable families. Many poor children whose parents had died were forced to live on the streets or in workhouses where conditions were extremely hard.
They were forced to work from a very young age. Many earned a few pennies by becoming chimney-sweeps or working on the streets running errands, calling cabs, sweeping roads. Other children worked alongside their parents at home or in small, dark and dirty workshops sewing clothes, sacks or shoes.We are still seing these condition today, let's take Haiti for example, very poor family children are living under the same exact condition. Some children at a certain age are sent to work at other wealthier people house in order to provide for themselves and their family.
www.wikipedia.com
www.sahistory.org
Danie M
Saturday, April 3, 2010
While it is easy to view Frankenstein as a "horror" novel, the underlying message is actually social commentary on the effects of human prejudice and discrimination. The monster is an outcast of society because of his appearance. "Normal" human beings abhor his ugliness and, therefore, shun him. Even though the monster initially shows an ability to be friendly and loving, no one can see past his looks, so he never has a chance to fit in. After living in misery and loneliness for so long, the monster becomes angry at his position as a social outcast. He begins to feel justified in seeking revenge on those who have shunned him, especially his creator, Dr. Frankenstein. While there is no real justification for the monster's murderous rampage, we can understand his motive: he has endured the pain of prejudice long enough and must act out on his feelings of bitterness and anger.
Zehra Ali
Zehra Ali
Saturday, March 27, 2010
In frankenstein his narrative victor portrays women as weak, suffering, obedient beings who live for men and depend on them in their lives. Surely shelly experienced this in her life, though she may or may not have agreed with it. Ironically the monster the one who victor call barbarian has a very progressive notion of the opposite sex. He believes that men and women are largely equal, not being bought up in frankenstein pre-feminist culture. The monster desires for a female companion does not convey a desire to rule over a women or a belief that a women should be dependent on him, but it simply shows his need for an equal companion with whom to share his equal sufferings.
Zehra Ali
Sunday, March 21, 2010
Women's Status during the 19th century
Women today do not realize how their life would have like if they were born in the 19 th century or 150 years ago. Most women take for granted what they can accomplish, if they a determination for it. Women today can choose wether they want to get marry or not. In the 19th century a women who renains single was a social disaproval and pity. Women today can choose the number of children they want to reproduce and so much more. To the contrary, women in the 19thcentury did not have all these rights, in fact they lived in a state little better than slavery, they always had to obey men. In most cases men would all the resources. " A wealthy widow or a spinster was a lucky exception." During the 19 th century when a women marry to a men, everything they owned, inherited and earned, would automatically belong to their great genius husband, even if the men was a dumb as hell. In fact, this was assured by law and women had to verbally agreed to it. Men had received better education than women, women were barred from universities. In some, women all purpose during the 19th century was to marry and reproduce.
Queens public library book of women of era
Danie. M
Working class costume of 17th century women
Foreign visitors to England would often remark how well dressed the English* women were, one traveller has been quoted to say that English women would wear velvet on her back when she had not a crust of bread in her house. It shows that England did not have the ragged poor of Europe. Britain had not had a peasant class since mediaeval times and this was reflected in the appearance of its people.
*There may have been minor regional differences, for the purposes of re-enactment a broad-based English style is appropriate.
It was easy to tell the status of a person by the clothes they wore. The richer you were; the better fitted, brighter coloured and more decorative were the clothes you and your family wore. This extended to any servants you had. Clothes were part of servants pay, a well favoured servant could also expect to receive presents of cast off clothes from master or mistress, to be worn or sold on. The second hand market for clothing dressed the poorer in society and helped to finance the fashions of the aspiring rich.
Clothes were looked after, they were kept as clean as possible and were maintained in a good state of repair. The proverb 'a stitch in time saves nine' came from the days when if a repair was not rapidly done, further damage would be caused. Clothes were patched and darned until repair was no longer possible, when the item might be taken apart to be made into something else, for example, used to line quilts.
When researching early costume, the clothing of the poor is more difficult to trace. There are no surviving garments and few artists bothered to record what the poor wore - they could not afford to pay for portraits. However there are various ways to find out what was worn by the 'common folk'.
*There may have been minor regional differences, for the purposes of re-enactment a broad-based English style is appropriate.
It was easy to tell the status of a person by the clothes they wore. The richer you were; the better fitted, brighter coloured and more decorative were the clothes you and your family wore. This extended to any servants you had. Clothes were part of servants pay, a well favoured servant could also expect to receive presents of cast off clothes from master or mistress, to be worn or sold on. The second hand market for clothing dressed the poorer in society and helped to finance the fashions of the aspiring rich.
Clothes were looked after, they were kept as clean as possible and were maintained in a good state of repair. The proverb 'a stitch in time saves nine' came from the days when if a repair was not rapidly done, further damage would be caused. Clothes were patched and darned until repair was no longer possible, when the item might be taken apart to be made into something else, for example, used to line quilts.
When researching early costume, the clothing of the poor is more difficult to trace. There are no surviving garments and few artists bothered to record what the poor wore - they could not afford to pay for portraits. However there are various ways to find out what was worn by the 'common folk'.
Zehra Ali
http://www.12eyes.co.uk/stays/ordwomen.htm
Friday, March 19, 2010
Frankenstein Social Condition
Min Joon cha
Social condition of Europe in 19th century.
In 19th century, many things were changed in Europe. As the industrial revolution went through Europe, there was acceleration of urbanization. During urbanization, there were some problems like overcrowding and concentration of poor, poor quaility housing, loack of runnin water and sanitation, lack of ventilation and light, all of which contributes to the sperad of disease and to social tenstions. In rural society, there were growing importance of commercial famrming and growing role of merchants and other "capitalists" in agriculture society, and there were problems of rural overcowding and rural poverty.
In 1800s, there wre new social classes in Europe, the middle class and workin classes. In the middle class, there were bankers, industrialists, professionals, merchants, managers, etc. It was an uplift of class but ironically the meregence of another class, the working class.
There was a huge improvement of the social condition of Europe in 19th century after the revolutions, but as some got richer and richer, some got poorer and poorer. It made a huge gap between them.
-Wonyoung Sohn
In 1800s, there wre new social classes in Europe, the middle class and workin classes. In the middle class, there were bankers, industrialists, professionals, merchants, managers, etc. It was an uplift of class but ironically the meregence of another class, the working class.
There was a huge improvement of the social condition of Europe in 19th century after the revolutions, but as some got richer and richer, some got poorer and poorer. It made a huge gap between them.
-Wonyoung Sohn
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